Vishnu Sahasranamam is one of the most revered hymns dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Its name means “the one thousand names of Vishnu.” The hymn appears in the Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata, where Bhishma Pitamah recites the divine names to Yudhishthira while lying on the bed of arrows after the Kurukshetra war.
Each name describes a divine quality, power, function or form of Lord Vishnu. Some names present Him as the source and sustainer of the universe, while others describe Him as the indwelling Self, protector of Dharma, refuge of devotees and giver of liberation.
This page contains the original Vishnu Sahasranamam Sanskrit text in Devanagari, an easy Roman-English transliteration and a concise English meaning of every verse. You can also learn about its Mahabharata origin, pronunciation, chanting method, traditional significance, suitable time for recitation and commonly asked questions.
Scriptural source: Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva, Vishnu Sahasranamam section
What is Vishnu Sahasranamam?
The name Vishnu Sahasranamam is formed from three Sanskrit words:
- Vishnu refers to the all-pervading Supreme Lord.
- Sahasra means one thousand.
- Nama means name.
Vishnu Sahasranamam therefore means “the one thousand names of Lord Vishnu.” It is not merely a list of names. Each name reveals a divine quality, cosmic function, philosophical principle or compassionate form of the Lord.
For example, Vishvam describes the Lord as the entire universe, Vishnu describes Him as the One who pervades everything, Narayana presents Him as the ultimate refuge of all beings, and Bhaktavatsala describes His loving care for devotees.
Reciting and contemplating these names becomes a form of prayer, meditation and reflection on qualities such as truth, compassion, courage, protection, wisdom, patience and spiritual freedom.
Origin of Vishnu Sahasranamam in the Mahabharata
After the Kurukshetra war, Yudhishthira was deeply disturbed by grief and questions concerning Dharma. Bhishma Pitamah was lying on a bed of arrows and waiting for the auspicious time to leave his body.
Yudhishthira approached Bhishma and asked several profound questions:
- Who is the highest Lord in the world?
- What is the supreme spiritual refuge?
- Whom should people worship and praise to attain well-being?
- What is the highest Dharma?
- By chanting whose name can a person become free from worldly bondage?
Bhishma answered that one should worship and praise the eternal Supreme Lord through His thousand names. He then recited Vishnu Sahasranamam.
The setting is important because this teaching was given during a serious discussion about duty, suffering, righteous conduct and liberation. Vishnu Sahasranamam is therefore more than a prayer for material wishes. It is also a meditation on Dharma, devotion and the eternal nature of the Supreme Being.
In commonly circulated Mahabharata editions, the passage is placed in Chapter 149 of the Anushasana Parva. Chapter and verse numbering may differ in critical editions and regional publications.
Vishnu Sahasranamam Stotram and Sahasranamavali: What is the Difference?
Vishnu Sahasranamam Stotram
In the Stotram, the one thousand names are arranged in metrical Sanskrit verses. The principal hymn begins with:
ॐ विश्वं विष्णुर्वषट्कारो भूतभव्यभवत्प्रभुः।
It is commonly recited as one continuous hymn and generally takes around 25 to 45 minutes, depending on chanting speed and whether introductory and concluding prayers are included.
Vishnu Sahasranamavali
In the Namavali, each name is recited separately, usually with “Om” before the name and “Namah” after it. For example:
Om Vishvaya Namah
Om Vishnave Namah
Om Vashatkaraya Namah
The Namavali format is commonly used during Archana or formal worship. Both forms honour the divine names, but their arrangement and ritual use are different.
Quick Information About Vishnu Sahasranamam
| Subject | Details |
|---|---|
| Presiding Deity | Lord Vishnu or Narayana |
| Meaning | One thousand names of Lord Vishnu |
| Scriptural Source | Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva |
| Speaker | Bhishma Pitamah |
| Listener | Yudhishthira |
| Original Language | Sanskrit |
| Number of Names | 1,000 divine names |
| Main Name-Bearing Verses | Commonly counted as 107 verses, followed by a closing protection verse in many editions |
| Suitable Days | Any day, especially Ekadashi and days associated with Lord Vishnu |
| Main Themes | Devotion, remembrance, Dharma, meditation and liberation |
| Who Can Recite? | Any sincere devotee |
How to Read Vishnu Sahasranamam in English
The Roman text below is a simplified transliteration of the Sanskrit hymn. It is intended to help readers who cannot read Devanagari. Roman letters cannot reproduce every Sanskrit sound perfectly, so beginners should learn with a slow and reliable audio recording.
| Roman Form | Approximate Sound |
|---|---|
| aa | A long “a” sound, as in father |
| ee or ii | A long “ee” sound |
| oo or uu | A long “oo” sound |
| sh | Similar to the sound in shanti |
| ch | Similar to the sound in chant |
| dh | An aspirated Sanskrit consonant, not identical to an English d |
| th | An aspirated t sound, not the sound in the English word think |
| jn | May be heard as jna, gya or nya in different chanting traditions |
Word divisions are added for reading convenience. In traditional Sanskrit chanting, Sandhi may join neighbouring sounds.
Complete Vishnu Sahasranamam Sanskrit Text with English Transliteration and Meaning
The following section contains the principal thousand-name hymn. Each verse includes the original Sanskrit text, a readable Roman transliteration and a concise devotional meaning. The meaning summarises the principal ideas in the verse and is not a replacement for a detailed traditional commentary.
Verse 1
ॐ विश्वं विष्णुर्वषट्कारो भूतभव्यभवत्प्रभुः।
भूतकृद्भूतभृद्भावो भूतात्मा भूतभावनः॥१॥
Om Vishvam Vishnur Vashatkaro Bhuta-Bhavya-Bhavat-Prabhuh
Bhutakrid Bhutabhrid Bhavo Bhutatma Bhutabhavanah
The Lord is the universe itself, the all-pervading reality and the ruler of the past, present and future. He creates, sustains and nourishes all beings while dwelling within them as their inner Self.
Verse 2
पूतात्मा परमात्मा च मुक्तानां परमा गतिः।
अव्ययः पुरुषः साक्षी क्षेत्रज्ञोऽक्षर एव च॥२॥
Putatma Paramatma Cha Muktanam Parama Gatih
Avyayah Purushah Sakshi Kshetrajno’kshara Eva Cha
He is the pure and Supreme Self, the highest destination of liberated souls, the imperishable Person, the eternal witness and the knower present within every body.
Verse 3
योगो योगविदां नेता प्रधानपुरुषेश्वरः।
नारसिंहवपुः श्रीमान् केशवः पुरुषोत्तमः॥३॥
Yogo Yogavidam Neta Pradhana-Purusheshvarah
Narasimha-Vapuh Shriman Keshavah Purushottamah
He is Yoga, the guide of those who know Yoga and the Lord of both nature and the individual soul. He appears as Narasimha and is the glorious Keshava, the Supreme Person.
Verse 4
सर्वः शर्वः शिवः स्थाणुर्भूतादिर्निधिरव्ययः।
सम्भवो भावनो भर्ता प्रभवः प्रभुरीश्वरः॥४॥
Sarvah Sharvah Shivah Sthanur Bhutadir Nidhir Avyayah
Sambhavo Bhavano Bharta Prabhavah Prabhur Ishvarah
He is everything, the auspicious and unchanging foundation of existence. He is the origin, sustainer, protector and sovereign Lord from whom all creation arises.
Verse 5
स्वयम्भूः शम्भुरादित्यः पुष्कराक्षो महास्वनः।
अनादिनिधनो धाता विधाता धातुरुत्तमः॥५॥
Svayambhuh Shambhur Adityah Pushkaraksho Mahasvanah
Anadi-Nidhano Dhata Vidhata Dhatur Uttamah
He is self-existent, benevolent, radiant like the sun and lotus-eyed. Without beginning or end, He creates, arranges and supports the entire universe.
Verse 6
अप्रमेयो हृषीकेशः पद्मनाभोऽमरप्रभुः।
विश्वकर्मा मनुस्त्वष्टा स्थविष्ठः स्थविरो ध्रुवः॥६॥
Aprameyo Hrishikeshah Padmanabho’mara-Prabhuh
Vishvakarma Manus Tvashta Sthavishthah Sthaviro Dhruvah
He is immeasurable, the master of the senses and the lotus-navelled Lord of the gods. He is the cosmic architect, ancient, vast and eternally stable.
Verse 7
अग्राह्यः शाश्वतः कृष्णो लोहिताक्षः प्रतर्दनः।
प्रभूतस्त्रिककुब्धाम पवित्रं मङ्गलं परम्॥७॥
Agrahyah Shashvatah Krishno Lohitakshah Pratardanah
Prabhutas Trikakubdhama Pavitram Mangalam Param
He is beyond ordinary perception, eternal Krishna, the destroyer of evil and the abundant support of all directions. He is supreme purity and the highest auspiciousness.
Verse 8
ईशानः प्राणदः प्राणो ज्येष्ठः श्रेष्ठः प्रजापतिः।
हिरण्यगर्भो भूगर्भो माधवो मधुसूदनः॥८॥
Ishanah Pranadah Prano Jyeshthah Shreshthah Prajapatih
Hiranyagarbho Bhugarbho Madhavo Madhusudanah
He is the ruler, giver and very essence of life, the eldest and most excellent Lord of beings. He contains the universe within Himself and appears as Madhava, the destroyer of Madhu.
Verse 9
ईश्वरो विक्रमी धन्वी मेधावी विक्रमः क्रमः।
अनुत्तमो दुराधर्षः कृतज्ञः कृतिरात्मवान्॥९॥
Ishvaro Vikrami Dhanvi Medhavi Vikramah Kramah
Anuttamo Duradharshah Kritajnah Kritir Atmavan
He is the sovereign Lord, mighty warrior and divine archer. He is wise, unsurpassed, unconquerable, grateful for sincere devotion and perfectly established in Himself.
Verse 10
सुरेशः शरणं शर्म विश्वरेताः प्रजाभवः।
अहः संवत्सरो व्यालः प्रत्ययः सर्वदर्शनः॥१०॥
Sureshah Sharanam Sharma Vishvaretah Prajabhavah
Ahah Samvatsaro Vyalah Pratyayah Sarvadarshanah
He is the Lord of the gods, the refuge and source of supreme peace. He is the seed of creation, the movement of time, the basis of confidence and the One who sees everything.
Verse 11
अजः सर्वेश्वरः सिद्धः सिद्धिः सर्वादिरच्युतः।
वृषाकपिरमेयात्मा सर्वयोगविनिःसृतः॥११॥
Ajah Sarveshvarah Siddhah Siddhih Sarvadir Achyutah
Vrishakapir Ameyatma Sarva-Yoga-Vinihsritah
He is unborn, the Lord of all, perfection itself and the beginning of everything. He is infallible, immeasurable and beyond every limiting method or category.
Verse 12
वसुर्वसुमनाः सत्यः समात्मा सम्मितः समः।
अमोघः पुण्डरीकाक्षो वृषकर्मा वृषाकृतिः॥१२॥
Vasur Vasumanah Satyah Samatma Sammitah Samah
Amoghah Pundarikaksho Vrishakarma Vrishakritih
He dwells within all beings, is truthful and equal towards everyone. The lotus-eyed Lord acts unfailingly in accordance with Dharma and embodies righteousness.
Verse 13
रुद्रो बहुशिरा बभ्रुर्विश्वयोनिः शुचिश्रवाः।
अमृतः शाश्वतस्थाणुर्वरारोहो महातपाः॥१३॥
Rudro Bahushira Babhrur Vishvayonih Shuchishravah
Amritah Shashvata-Sthanur Vararoho Mahatapah
He is powerful, many-headed and the support and source of the universe. He is immortal, eternal, unchanging, supremely exalted and filled with immeasurable spiritual power.
Verse 14
सर्वगः सर्वविद्भानुर्विष्वक्सेनो जनार्दनः।
वेदो वेदविदव्यङ्गो वेदाङ्गो वेदवित्कविः॥१४॥
Sarvagah Sarvavid Bhanur Vishvakseno Janardanah
Vedo Vedavid Avyango Vedango Vedavit Kavih
He is present everywhere, knows everything and shines as divine light. He is Vishvaksena and Janardana, the Vedas, their knower, their limbs and the supreme seer.
Verse 15
लोकाध्यक्षः सुराध्यक्षो धर्माध्यक्षः कृताकृतः।
चतुरात्मा चतुर्व्यूहश्चतुर्दंष्ट्रश्चतुर्भुजः॥१५॥
Lokadhyakshah Suradhyaksho Dharmadhyakshah Kritakritah
Chaturatma Chaturvyuhash Chaturdamshtrash Chaturbhujah
He oversees the worlds, the gods and Dharma. He is both cause and effect and manifests through fourfold forms, powers and the four-armed divine form.
Verse 16
भ्राजिष्णुर्भोजनं भोक्ता सहिष्णुर्जगदादिजः।
अनघो विजयो जेता विश्वयोनिः पुनर्वसुः॥१६॥
Bhrajishnur Bhojanam Bhokta Sahishnur Jagadadijah
Anagho Vijayo Jeta Vishvayonih Punarvasuh
He is radiant, the food, the enjoyer and the patient Lord born before the universe. He is sinless, victorious, the source of creation and the One who repeatedly restores the worlds.
Verse 17
उपेन्द्रो वामनः प्रांशुरमोघः शुचिरूर्जितः।
अतीन्द्रः सङ्ग्रहः सर्गो धृतात्मा नियमो यमः॥१७॥
Upendro Vamanah Pramshur Amoghah Shuchir Urjitah
Atindrah Samgrahah Sargo Dhritatma Niyamo Yamah
He appears as Upendra and Vamana and is pure, powerful and unfailing. He gathers and creates the universe and is the source of discipline, restraint and cosmic order.
Verse 18
वेद्यो वैद्यः सदायोगी वीरहा माधवो मधुः।
अतीन्द्रियो महामायो महोत्साहो महाबलः॥१८॥
Vedyo Vaidyah Sada Yogi Viraha Madhavo Madhuh
Atindriyo Mahamayo Mahotsaho Mahabalah
He is the One to be known, the divine physician and the eternal Yogi. He destroys harmful powers, transcends the senses and possesses immeasurable energy, divine power and strength.
Verse 19
महाबुद्धिर्महावीर्यो महाशक्तिर्महाद्युतिः।
अनिर्देश्यवपुः श्रीमानमेयात्मा महाद्रिधृक्॥१९॥
Mahabuddhir Mahaviryo Mahashaktir Mahadyutih
Anirdeshya-Vapuh Shriman Ameyatma Mahadridhrik
He possesses supreme wisdom, courage, power and radiance. His form cannot be completely described, His nature is immeasurable and He supports even the greatest mountains.
Verse 20
महेष्वासो महीभर्ता श्रीनिवासः सतां गतिः।
अनिरुद्धः सुरानन्दो गोविन्दो गोविदां पतिः॥२०॥
Maheshvaso Mahibharta Shrinivasah Satam Gatih
Aniruddhah Suranando Govindo Govidam Patih
He is the great archer, supporter of the earth and abode of Goddess Lakshmi. He is the destination of the virtuous, the unconquered Lord and Govinda, master of sacred wisdom.
Verse 21
मरीचिर्दमनो हंसः सुपर्णो भुजगोत्तमः।
हिरण्यनाभः सुतपाः पद्मनाभः प्रजापतिः॥२१॥
Marichir Damano Hamsah Suparno Bhujagottamah
Hiranyanabhah Sutapah Padmanabhah Prajapatih
He is the ray of divine light, the subduer and the pure spiritual Swan. He is associated with Garuda and the cosmic serpent and is the golden and lotus-navelled Lord of creation.
Verse 22
अमृत्युः सर्वदृक्सिंहः सन्धाता सन्धिमान्स्थिरः।
अजो दुर्मर्षणः शास्ता विश्रुतात्मा सुरारिहा॥२२॥
Amrityuh Sarvadrik Simhah Sandhata Sandhiman Sthirah
Ajo Durmarshanah Shasta Vishrutatma Surariha
He is beyond death, all-seeing and powerful like a lion. He unites and sustains creation, remains eternally stable and destroys forces that oppose the divine order.
Verse 23
गुरुर्गुरुतमो धाम सत्यः सत्यपराक्रमः।
निमिषोऽनिमिषः स्रग्वी वाचस्पतिरुदारधीः॥२३॥
Gurur Gurutamo Dhama Satyah Satya-Parakramah
Nimisho’nimishah Sragvi Vachaspatir Udaradhih
He is the teacher and the highest teacher, the supreme abode and embodiment of truth. He watches without interruption and is the generous Lord of speech and wisdom.
Verse 24
अग्रणीर्ग्रामणीः श्रीमान् न्यायो नेता समीरणः।
सहस्रमूर्धा विश्वात्मा सहस्राक्षः सहस्रपात्॥२४॥
Agranir Gramanih Shriman Nyayo Neta Samiranah
Sahasramurdha Vishvatma Sahasrakshah Sahasrapat
He is the foremost guide, leader, justice and the life-giving wind. As the universal Self, He is described as possessing a thousand heads, eyes and feet.
Verse 25
आवर्तनो निवृत्तात्मा संवृतः सम्प्रमर्दनः।
अहः संवर्तको वह्निरनिलो धरणीधरः॥२५॥
Avartano Nivrittatma Samvritah Sampramardanah
Ahah Samvartako Vahnir Anilo Dharanidharah
He turns the cycles of creation while remaining inwardly detached. He is concealed yet destroys evil and appears as day, cosmic fire, wind and the supporter of the earth.
Verse 26
सुप्रसादः प्रसन्नात्मा विश्वसृड्विश्वभुग्विभुः।
सत्कर्ता सत्कृतः साधुर्जह्नुर्नारायणो नरः॥२६॥
Suprasadah Prasannatma Vishvasrid Vishvabhug Vibhuh
Satkarta Satkritah Sadhur Jahnur Narayano Narah
He is gracious and serene, the creator and enjoyer of the universe. He honours goodness, is worshipped by the virtuous and is Narayana, the eternal refuge of all beings.
Verse 27
असङ्ख्येयोऽप्रमेयात्मा विशिष्टः शिष्टकृच्छुचिः।
सिद्धार्थः सिद्धसङ्कल्पः सिद्धिदः सिद्धिसाधनः॥२७॥
Asankhyeyo’prameyatma Vishishtah Shishtakrich Chhuchih
Siddharthah Siddhasankalpah Siddhidah Siddhisadhanah
He is beyond counting and measurement, supremely distinguished and pure. His purpose and will are always fulfilled, and He grants and enables spiritual accomplishment.
Verse 28
वृषाही वृषभो विष्णुर्वृषपर्वा वृषोदरः।
वर्धनो वर्धमानश्च विविक्तः श्रुतिसागरः॥२८॥
Vrishahi Vrishabho Vishnur Vrishaparva Vrishodarah
Vardhano Vardhamanash Cha Viviktah Shrutisagarah
He is the embodiment and supporter of Dharma, the all-pervading Vishnu and the One through whom beings grow. He remains unattached and is the ocean of revealed wisdom.
Verse 29
सुभुजो दुर्धरो वाग्मी महेन्द्रो वसुदो वसुः।
नैकरूपो बृहद्रूपः शिपिविष्टः प्रकाशनः॥२९॥
Subhujo Durdharo Vagmi Mahendro Vasudo Vasuh
Naikarupo Brihadrupah Shipivishtah Prakashanah
He has beautiful and powerful arms, is difficult to overcome and is the supreme speaker. He gives prosperity, assumes countless vast forms and illuminates the universe.
Verse 30
ओजस्तेजोद्युतिधरः प्रकाशात्मा प्रतापनः।
ऋद्धः स्पष्टाक्षरो मन्त्रश्चन्द्रांशुर्भास्करद्युतिः॥३०॥
Ojas-Tejo-Dyutidharah Prakashatma Pratapanah
Riddhah Spashtaksharo Mantrash Chandramshur Bhaskaradyutih
He bears strength, splendour and brilliance and is self-luminous. He is the sacred mantra, clear spiritual sound and the radiance of both the moon and sun.
Verse 31
अमृतांशूद्भवो भानुः शशबिन्दुः सुरेश्वरः।
औषधं जगतः सेतुः सत्यधर्मपराक्रमः॥३१॥
Amritamshudbhavo Bhanuh Shashabinduh Sureshvarah
Aushadham Jagatah Setuh Satya-Dharma-Parakramah
He is the source of the nectar-bearing moon and the radiant sun. He is the divine medicine, the bridge across worldly existence and the powerful protector of truth and Dharma.
Verse 32
भूतभव्यभवन्नाथः पवनः पावनोऽनलः।
कामहा कामकृत्कान्तः कामः कामप्रदः प्रभुः॥३२॥
Bhuta-Bhavya-Bhavan-Nathah Pavanah Pavano’nalah
Kamaha Kamakrit Kantah Kamah Kamapradah Prabhuh
He is the Lord of the past, present and future, the wind, purifier and divine fire. He removes harmful desire, creates righteous aspiration and grants worthy desires.
Verse 33
युगादिकृद्युगावर्तो नैकमायो महाशनः।
अदृश्यो व्यक्तरूपश्च सहस्रजिदनन्तजित्॥३३॥
Yugadikrid Yugavarto Naikamayo Mahashanah
Adrishyo Vyaktarupash Cha Sahasrajid Anantajit
He begins and turns the cycles of the ages and works through countless divine powers. He is both invisible and manifest and is eternally victorious over every limitation.
Verse 34
इष्टोऽविशिष्टः शिष्टेष्टः शिखण्डी नहुषो वृषः।
क्रोधहा क्रोधकृत्कर्ता विश्वबाहुर्महीधरः॥३४॥
Ishto’vishishtah Shishteshtah Shikhandi Nahusho Vrishah
Krodhaha Krodhakrit Karta Vishvabahur Mahidharah
He is loved and worshipped by the virtuous, yet remains beyond all distinctions. He destroys harmful anger, uses righteous power when necessary and supports the world through His universal arms.
Verse 35
अच्युतः प्रथितः प्राणः प्राणदो वासवानुजः।
अपांनिधिरधिष्ठानमप्रमत्तः प्रतिष्ठितः॥३५॥
Achyutah Prathitah Pranah Pranado Vasavanujah
Apamnidhir Adhishthanam Apramattah Pratishthitah
He is the infallible and renowned essence and giver of life. Appearing as the younger brother of Indra, He is the ocean, foundation and eternally vigilant support of existence.
Verse 36
स्कन्दः स्कन्दधरो धुर्यो वरदो वायुवाहनः।
वासुदेवो बृहद्भानुरादिदेवः पुरन्दरः॥३६॥
Skandah Skandadharo Dhuryo Varado Vayuvahanah
Vasudevo Brihadbhanur Adidevah Purandarah
He supports divine power, carries the responsibilities of the universe and grants blessings. He is Vasudeva, the great light, the primordial Deity and destroyer of hostile strongholds.
Verse 37
अशोकस्तारणस्तारः शूरः शौरिर्जनेश्वरः।
अनुकूलः शतावर्तः पद्मी पद्मनिभेक्षणः॥३७॥
Ashokas Taranas Tarah Shurah Shaurir Janeshvarah
Anukulah Shatavartah Padmi Padma-Nibhekshanah
He is free from sorrow and carries devotees across difficulty. He is the heroic Lord of beings, always favourable to sincere devotees, holding the lotus and possessing lotus-like eyes.
Verse 38
पद्मनाभोऽरविन्दाक्षः पद्मगर्भः शरीरभृत्।
महर्द्धिरृद्धो वृद्धात्मा महाक्षो गरुडध्वजः॥३८॥
Padmanabho’ravindakshah Padmagarbhah Sharirabhrit
Maharddhir Riddho Vriddhatma Mahaksho Garudadhvajah
He is lotus-navelled and lotus-eyed, containing creation within Himself and sustaining every body. He possesses supreme prosperity, ancient wisdom and the banner of Garuda.
Verse 39
अतुलः शरभो भीमः समयज्ञो हविर्हरिः।
सर्वलक्षणलक्षण्यो लक्ष्मीवान्समितिञ्जयः॥३९॥
Atulah Sharabho Bhimah Samayajno Havir Harih
Sarva-Lakshana-Lakshanyo Lakshmivan Samitinjayah
He is incomparable, powerful and the knower of the proper time and order. He accepts sacred offerings, possesses every auspicious characteristic and is victorious in every righteous struggle.
Verse 40
विक्षरो रोहितो मार्गो हेतुर्दामोदरः सहः।
महीधरो महाभागो वेगवानमिताशनः॥४०॥
Viksharo Rohito Margo Hetur Damodarah Sahah
Mahidharo Mahabhago Vegavan Amitashanah
He is imperishable, the spiritual path and the cause of all things. As Damodara, He patiently supports the earth, possesses great fortune and consumes the universe at dissolution.
Verse 41
उद्भवः क्षोभणो देवः श्रीगर्भः परमेश्वरः।
करणं कारणं कर्ता विकर्ता गहनो गुहः॥४१॥
Udbhavah Kshobhano Devah Shrigarbhah Parameshvarah
Karanam Karanam Karta Vikarta Gahano Guhah
He is the source that sets creation into motion, the divine Lord in whom prosperity resides. He is the instrument, cause and creator, yet remains profound, hidden and mysterious.
Verse 42
व्यवसायो व्यवस्थानः संस्थानः स्थानदो ध्रुवः।
परर्द्धिः परमस्पष्टस्तुष्टः पुष्टः शुभेक्षणः॥४२॥
Vyavasayo Vyavasthanah Samsthanah Sthanado Dhruvah
Pararddhih Paramaspashtas Tushtah Pushtah Shubhekshanah
He is firm resolve, cosmic order and the resting place of creation. He gives every being its place, remains constant and nourishes the universe through His auspicious vision.
Verse 43
रामो विरामो विरजो मार्गो नेयो नयोऽनयः।
वीरः शक्तिमतां श्रेष्ठो धर्मो धर्मविदुत्तमः॥४३॥
Ramo Viramo Virajo Margo Neyo Nayo’nayah
Virah Shaktimatam Shreshtho Dharmo Dharma-Viduttamah
He is Rama, the source of joy and final rest, free from impurity and the true spiritual path. He is the supreme hero, Dharma itself and the greatest knower of Dharma.
Verse 44
वैकुण्ठः पुरुषः प्राणः प्राणदः प्रणवः पृथुः।
हिरण्यगर्भः शत्रुघ्नो व्याप्तो वायुरधोक्षजः॥४४॥
Vaikunthah Purushah Pranah Pranadah Pranavah Prithuh
Hiranyagarbhah Shatrughno Vyapto Vayur Adhokshajah
He is Vaikuntha, the Supreme Person, life and the giver of life. He is the sacred sound Om, the cosmic source, destroyer of enemies, all-pervading and beyond the senses.
Verse 45
ऋतुः सुदर्शनः कालः परमेष्ठी परिग्रहः।
उग्रः संवत्सरो दक्षो विश्रामो विश्वदक्षिणः॥४५॥
Rituh Sudarshanah Kalah Parameshthi Parigrahah
Ugrah Samvatsaro Daksho Vishramo Vishvadakshinah
He is the order of seasons, Sudarshana and time itself. He is the supreme indwelling Lord, powerful and skilful, the final resting place and generous support of the universe.
Verse 46
विस्तारः स्थावरस्थाणुः प्रमाणं बीजमव्ययम्।
अर्थोऽनर्थो महाकोशो महाभोगो महाधनः॥४६॥
Vistarah Sthavara-Sthanuh Pramanam Bijam Avyayam
Artho’nartho Mahakosho Mahabhogo Mahadhanah
He is the expansion and stable foundation of all that exists, the supreme measure and imperishable seed. He is meaning and beyond worldly meaning, the great treasure and true wealth.
Verse 47
अनिर्विण्णः स्थविष्ठोऽभूर्धर्मयूपो महामखः।
नक्षत्रनेमिर्नक्षत्री क्षमः क्षामः समीहनः॥४७॥
Anirvinnah Sthavishtho’bhur Dharmayupo Mahamakhah
Nakshatranemir Nakshatri Kshamah Kshamah Samihanah
He is never discouraged, is infinitely vast and serves as the foundation of sacrifice and Dharma. He governs the stars, is patient and continually works for the welfare of creation.
Verse 48
यज्ञ इज्यो महेज्यश्च क्रतुः सत्रं सतां गतिः।
सर्वदर्शी विमुक्तात्मा सर्वज्ञो ज्ञानमुत्तमम्॥४८॥
Yajna Ijyo Mahejyash Cha Kratuh Satram Satam Gatih
Sarvadarshi Vimuktatma Sarvajno Jnanam Uttamam
He is sacrifice, the object of worship and every sacred rite. He is the destination of the virtuous, the all-seeing liberated Self, the all-knowing Lord and supreme knowledge.
Verse 49
सुव्रतः सुमुखः सूक्ष्मः सुघोषः सुखदः सुहृत्।
मनोहरो जितक्रोधो वीरबाहुर्विदारणः॥४९॥
Suvratah Sumukhah Sukshmah Sughoshah Sukhadah Suhrit
Manoharo Jitakrodho Virabahur Vidaranah
He follows the noblest vows, has a gracious face and subtle nature and produces the sacred sound. He gives happiness, is the friend of all and has conquered anger.
Verse 50
स्वापनः स्ववशो व्यापी नैकात्मा नैककर्मकृत्।
वत्सरो वत्सलो वत्सी रत्नगर्भो धनेश्वरः॥५०॥
Svapanah Svavasho Vyapi Naikatma Naikakarmakrit
Vatsaro Vatsalo Vatsi Ratnagarbho Dhaneshvarah
He governs rest and remains completely self-controlled while pervading everything. He acts through countless forms, loves and protects His devotees and is the treasure-house and Lord of wealth.
Verse 51
धर्मगुब्धर्मकृद्धर्मी सदसत्क्षरमक्षरम्।
अविज्ञाता सहस्रांशुर्विधाता कृतलक्षणः॥५१॥
Dharmagub Dharmakrid Dharmi Sadasat Ksharam Aksharam
Avijnata Sahasramshur Vidhata Kritalakshanah
He protects, establishes and embodies Dharma. He is being and non-being, the perishable and imperishable, the unknown inner witness and the thousand-rayed creator of cosmic order.
Verse 52
गभस्तिनेमिः सत्त्वस्थः सिंहो भूतमहेश्वरः।
आदिदेवो महादेवो देवेशो देवभृद्गुरुः॥५२॥
Gabhastinemih Sattvasthah Simho Bhuta-Maheshvarah
Adidevo Mahadevo Devesho Devabhrit Guruh
He is the centre of solar brilliance and is established in purity. He is the lion-like Lord of all beings, the primordial and greatest Deity and the teacher of the gods.
Verse 53
उत्तरो गोपतिर्गोप्ता ज्ञानगम्यः पुरातनः।
शरीरभूतभृद्भोक्ता कपीन्द्रो भूरिदक्षिणः॥५३॥
Uttaro Gopatir Gopta Jnanagamyah Puratanah
Sharira-Bhuta-Bhrid Bhokta Kapindro Bhuridakshinah
He is the Supreme, protector of the earth and all beings and is realised through true knowledge. He is ancient, sustains every body and is infinitely generous.
Verse 54
सोमपोऽमृतपः सोमः पुरुजित्पुरुसत्तमः।
विनयो जयः सत्यसन्धो दाशार्हः सात्वतां पतिः॥५४॥
Somapo’mritapah Somah Purujit Purusattamah
Vinayo Jayah Satyasandho Dasharhah Satvatam Patih
He receives the sacred Soma and grants immortality, conquers numerous obstacles and is the best among persons. He is humility, victory, faithfulness to truth and Lord of the Satvatas.
Verse 55
जीवो विनयिता साक्षी मुकुन्दोऽमितविक्रमः।
अम्भोनिधिरनन्तात्मा महोदधिशयोऽन्तकः॥५५॥
Jivo Vinayita Sakshi Mukundo’mitavikramah
Ambhonidhir Anantatma Mahodadhishayo’ntakah
He is life, the guide and witness and Mukunda, the giver of liberation. His power is limitless, His nature is infinite and He rests upon the cosmic ocean.
Verse 56
अजो महार्हः स्वाभाव्यो जितामित्रः प्रमोदनः।
आनन्दो नन्दनो नन्दः सत्यधर्मा त्रिविक्रमः॥५६॥
Ajo Maharhah Svabhavyo Jitamitrah Pramodanah
Anando Nandano Nandah Satya-Dharma Trivikramah
He is unborn, supremely worthy and naturally perfect. He conquers enemies, gives delight and is bliss itself, the upholder of true Dharma and the three-striding Trivikrama.
Verse 57
महर्षिः कपिलाचार्यः कृतज्ञो मेदिनीपतिः।
त्रिपदस्त्रिदशाध्यक्षो महाशृङ्गः कृतान्तकृत्॥५७॥
Maharshih Kapilacharyah Kritajno Medinipatih
Tripadas Tridashadhyaksho Mahashringah Kritantakrit
He is the great sage and teacher Kapila, the grateful Lord of the earth. He is the three-footed cosmic Being, overseer of the gods and master even over death.
Verse 58
महावराहो गोविन्दः सुषेणः कनकाङ्गदी।
गुह्यो गभीरो गहनो गुप्तश्चक्रगदाधरः॥५८॥
Mahavaraho Govindah Sushenah Kanakangadi
Guhyo Gabhiro Gahano Guptash Chakragadadharah
He is the great Varaha and Govinda, surrounded by a divine army and adorned with golden ornaments. He is secret, profound and protected, bearing the discus and mace.
Verse 59
वेधाः स्वाङ्गोऽजितः कृष्णो दृढः सङ्कर्षणोऽच्युतः।
वरुणो वारुणो वृक्षः पुष्कराक्षो महामनाः॥५९॥
Vedhah Svango’jitah Krishno Dridhah Sankarshano’chyutah
Varuno Varuno Vrikshah Pushkaraksho Mahamanah
He is the creator, complete in Himself, unconquered Krishna and firmly established. He is Sankarshana, Varuna, the sheltering tree, lotus-eyed and possessed of a vast mind.
Verse 60
भगवान् भगहाऽऽनन्दी वनमाली हलायुधः।
आदित्यो ज्योतिरादित्यः सहिष्णुर्गतिसत्तमः॥६०॥
Bhagavan Bhagaha Anandi Vanamali Halayudhah
Adityo Jyotiradityah Sahishnur Gatisattamah
He possesses every divine excellence, removes misfortune and is the source of bliss. He wears the forest garland, bears the plough and shines as the sun and the highest destination.
Verse 61
सुधन्वा खण्डपरशुर्दारुणो द्रविणप्रदः।
दिवःस्पृक्सर्वदृग्व्यासो वाचस्पतिरयोनिजः॥६१॥
Sudhanva Khandaparashur Daruno Dravinapradah
Divahsprik Sarvadrig Vyaso Vachaspatir Ayonijah
He bears the excellent bow and mighty axe, is formidable against evil and grants prosperity. He touches heaven, sees everything and is Vyasa, the unborn Lord of speech.
Verse 62
त्रिसामा सामगः साम निर्वाणं भेषजं भिषक्।
संन्यासकृच्छमः शान्तो निष्ठा शान्तिः परायणम्॥६२॥
Trisama Samagah Sama Nirvanam Bheshajam Bhishak
Sannyasakrich Chhamah Shanto Nishtha Shantih Parayanam
He is the sacred Sama, its singer and its essence. He is liberation, medicine and the divine physician, the source of renunciation, self-control, peace and the supreme refuge.
Verse 63
शुभाङ्गः शान्तिदः स्रष्टा कुमुदः कुवलेशयः।
गोहितो गोपतिर्गोप्ता वृषभाक्षो वृषप्रियः॥६३॥
Shubhangah Shantidah Srashta Kumudah Kuvaleshayah
Gohito Gopatir Gopta Vrishabhaksho Vrishapriyah
He has an auspicious form, gives peace and creates the universe. He delights the earth, reclines upon the cosmic waters and protects beings while loving and upholding Dharma.
Verse 64
अनिवर्ती निवृत्तात्मा सङ्क्षेप्ता क्षेमकृच्छिवः।
श्रीवत्सवक्षाः श्रीवासः श्रीपतिः श्रीमतां वरः॥६४॥
Anivarti Nivrittatma Samkshepta Kshemakrich Chhivah
Shrivatsavakshah Shrivasah Shripatih Shrimatam Varah
He does not turn away from His cosmic duty yet remains inwardly detached. He gathers creation, grants welfare and bears the Shrivatsa as the abode and Lord of Lakshmi.
Verse 65
श्रीदः श्रीशः श्रीनिवासः श्रीनिधिः श्रीविभावनः।
श्रीधरः श्रीकरः श्रेयः श्रीमाँल्लोकत्रयाश्रयः॥६५॥
Shridah Shrishah Shrinivasah Shrinidhih Shrivibhavanah
Shridharah Shrikarah Shreyah Shriman Lokatrayashrayah
He gives, rules, contains and manifests spiritual and material prosperity. He bears Lakshmi, grants the highest good and is the glorious refuge of the three worlds.
Verse 66
स्वक्षः स्वङ्गः शतानन्दो नन्दिर्ज्योतिर्गणेश्वरः।
विजितात्माऽविधेयात्मा सत्कीर्तिश्छिन्नसंशयः॥६६॥
Svakshah Svangah Shatanando Nandir Jyotirganeshvarah
Vijitatma’vidheyatma Satkirtish Chhinnasamshayah
He has beautiful eyes and a perfect divine form and is the source of countless joys. He is Lord of all lights, master of Himself, independent and remover of doubt.
Verse 67
उदीर्णः सर्वतश्चक्षुरनीशः शाश्वतस्थिरः।
भूशयो भूषणो भूतिर्विशोकः शोकनाशनः॥६७॥
Udirnah Sarvatash-Chakshur Anishah Shashvata-Sthirah
Bhushayo Bhushano Bhutir Vishokah Shokanashanah
He is exalted, sees in every direction and has no ruler above Him. He is eternally stable, the ornament and prosperity of the earth and the destroyer of sorrow.
Verse 68
अर्चिष्मानर्चितः कुम्भो विशुद्धात्मा विशोधनः।
अनिरुद्धोऽप्रतिरथः प्रद्युम्नोऽमितविक्रमः॥६८॥
Archishman Architah Kumbho Vishuddhatma Vishodhanah
Aniruddho’pratirathah Pradyumno’mitavikramah
He is radiant, worshipped and contains the universe like a vessel. He is perfectly pure, purifies others and appears as Aniruddha and Pradyumna, whose power cannot be opposed.
Verse 69
कालनेमिनिहा वीरः शौरिः शूरजनेश्वरः।
त्रिलोकात्मा त्रिलोकेशः केशवः केशिहा हरिः॥६९॥
Kalaneminiha Virah Shaurih Shurajaneshvarah
Trilokatma Trilokeshah Keshavah Keshiha Harih
He destroyed Kalanemi and is the heroic Shauri, Lord of the courageous. He is the soul and ruler of the three worlds, Keshava, destroyer of Keshi and remover of bondage.
Verse 70
कामदेवः कामपालः कामी कान्तः कृतागमः।
अनिर्देश्यवपुर्विष्णुर्वीरोऽनन्तो धनञ्जयः॥७०॥
Kamadevah Kamapalah Kami Kantah Kritagamah
Anirdeshya-Vapur Vishnur Viro’nanto Dhananjayah
He is the source and protector of righteous desire, the beautiful and beloved Lord who established sacred teachings. His form is indescribable, and He is infinite, heroic and victorious.
Verse 71
ब्रह्मण्यो ब्रह्मकृद्ब्रह्मा ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविवर्धनः।
ब्रह्मविद्ब्राह्मणो ब्रह्मी ब्रह्मज्ञो ब्राह्मणप्रियः॥७१॥
Brahmanyo Brahmakrid Brahma Brahma Brahmavivardhanah
Brahmavid Brahmano Brahmi Brahmajno Brahmanapriyah
He supports sacred knowledge, creates and embodies Brahman and increases spiritual wisdom. He is the knower of the Absolute and loves those who sincerely pursue sacred learning.
Verse 72
महाक्रमो महाकर्मा महातेजा महोरगः।
महाक्रतुर्महायज्वा महायज्ञो महाहविः॥७२॥
Mahakramo Mahakarma Mahateja Mahoragah
Mahakratur Mahayajva Mahayajno Mahahavih
His stride, actions and radiance are immeasurable. He is the great cosmic power, the sacred rite, the sacrificer, the sacrifice and the supreme offering.
Verse 73
स्तव्यः स्तवप्रियः स्तोत्रं स्तुतिः स्तोता रणप्रियः।
पूर्णः पूरयिता पुण्यः पुण्यकीर्तिरनामयः॥७३॥
Stavyah Stavapriyah Stotram Stutih Stota Ranapriyah
Purnah Purayita Punyah Punyakirtir Anamayah
He is worthy of praise and loves sincere praise. He is the hymn, the act of praise and the one who praises, complete and fulfilling, holy, renowned and free from affliction.
Verse 74
मनोजवस्तीर्थकरो वसुरेता वसुप्रदः।
वसुप्रदो वासुदेवो वसुर्वसुमना हविः॥७४॥
Manojavas Tirthakaro Vasureta Vasupradah
Vasuprado Vasudevo Vasur Vasumana Havih
He moves with the speed of thought and creates sacred paths and places. He is the source and giver of wealth, Vasudeva, the indwelling treasure and the sacred offering.
Verse 75
सद्गतिः सत्कृतिः सत्ता सद्भूतिः सत्परायणः।
शूरसेनो यदुश्रेष्ठः सन्निवासः सुयामुनः॥७५॥
Sadgatih Satkritih Satta Sadbhutih Satparayanah
Shuraseno Yadushreshthah Sannivasah Suyamunah
He is the righteous destination, noble action, true existence and spiritual glory. He is the supreme refuge, the best of the Yadus and the Lord associated with the sacred Yamuna.
Verse 76
भूतावासो वासुदेवः सर्वासुनिलयोऽनलः।
दर्पहा दर्पदो दृप्तो दुर्धरोऽथापराजितः॥७६॥
Bhutavaso Vasudevah Sarvasunilayo’nalah
Darpaha Darpado Dripto Durdharo’thaparajitah
He is the abode of all beings, Vasudeva and the resting place of every life force. He destroys pride, grants rightful dignity and remains impossible to restrain or defeat.
Verse 77
विश्वमूर्तिर्महामूर्तिर्दीप्तमूर्तिरमूर्तिमान्।
अनेकमूर्तिरव्यक्तः शतमूर्तिः शताननः॥७७॥
Vishvamurtir Mahamurtir Diptamurtir Amurtiman
Anekamurtir Avyaktah Shatamurtih Shatananah
He is the form of the universe, the great and radiant form, yet is also beyond form. He manifests through countless forms and faces while remaining unmanifest.
Verse 78
एको नैकः सवः कः किं यत्तत्पदमनुत्तमम्।
लोकबन्धुर्लोकनाथो माधवो भक्तवत्सलः॥७८॥
Eko Naikah Savah Kah Kim Yat Tat Padam Anuttamam
Lokabandhur Lokanatho Madhavo Bhaktavatsalah
He is one and yet appears as many, the mystery behind every question and the unsurpassed goal. He is the friend and Lord of the world, Madhava and the loving protector of devotees.
Verse 79
सुवर्णवर्णो हेमाङ्गो वराङ्गश्चन्दनाङ्गदी।
वीरहा विषमः शून्यो घृताशीरचलश्चलः॥७९॥
Suvarnavarno Hemango Varangash Chandanangadi
Viraha Vishamah Shunyo Ghritashir Achalash Chalah
He shines with a golden form and beautiful limbs adorned with sandalwood. He destroys evil powers, is unequalled and beyond limitation and appears as both the unmoving and moving universe.
Verse 80
अमानी मानदो मान्यो लोकस्वामी त्रिलोकधृक्।
सुमेधा मेधजो धन्यः सत्यमेधा धराधरः॥८०॥
Amani Manado Manyo Lokasvami Trilokadhrik
Sumedha Medhajo Dhanyah Satyamedha Dharadharah
He is free from pride yet grants honour and is worthy of worship. He is Lord and supporter of the three worlds, supremely wise, blessed and the bearer of the earth.
Verse 81
तेजोवृषो द्युतिधरः सर्वशस्त्रभृतां वरः।
प्रग्रहो निग्रहो व्यग्रो नैकशृङ्गो गदाग्रजः॥८१॥
Tejovrisho Dyutidharah Sarvashastra-Bhritam Varah
Pragraho Nigraho Vyagro Naikashringo Gadagrajah
He showers brilliance, bears divine radiance and is the greatest wielder of weapons. He receives, restrains and acts swiftly and is the elder brother of Gada.
Verse 82
चतुर्मूर्तिश्चतुर्बाहुश्चतुर्व्यूहश्चतुर्गतिः।
चतुरात्मा चतुर्भावश्चतुर्वेदविदेकपात्॥८२॥
Chaturmurtish Chaturbahush Chaturvyuhash Chaturgatih
Chaturatma Chaturbhavash Chaturvedavid Ekapat
He manifests through four forms, four arms, four emanations and four paths. He knows the four Vedas, while the visible universe represents only a portion of His infinite being.
Verse 83
समावर्तोऽनिवृत्तात्मा दुर्जयो दुरतिक्रमः।
दुर्लभो दुर्गमो दुर्गो दुरावासो दुरारिहा॥८३॥
Samavarto’nivrittatma Durjayo Duratikramah
Durlabho Durgamo Durgo Duravaso Durariha
He turns the cosmic wheel while remaining eternally active. He is unconquerable and cannot be surpassed, difficult to attain without devotion and the destroyer of powerful enemies.
Verse 84
शुभाङ्गो लोकसारङ्गः सुतन्तुस्तन्तुवर्धनः।
इन्द्रकर्मा महाकर्मा कृतकर्मा कृतागमः॥८४॥
Shubhango Lokasarangah Sutantus Tantuvardhanah
Indrakarma Mahakarma Kritakarma Kritagamah
He possesses an auspicious form and understands the essence of the worlds. He is the thread sustaining creation and performs the greatest actions while establishing sacred teachings.
Verse 85
उद्भवः सुन्दरः सुन्दो रत्ननाभः सुलोचनः।
अर्को वाजसनः शृङ्गी जयन्तः सर्वविज्जयी॥८५॥
Udbhavah Sundarah Sundo Ratnanabhah Sulochanah
Arko Vajasanah Shringi Jayantah Sarvavij-Jayi
He is the origin of creation, beautiful and gracious, with a jewel-like navel and divine eyes. He is the sun, the nourisher, all-knowing and eternally victorious.
Verse 86
सुवर्णबिन्दुरक्षोभ्यः सर्ववागीश्वरेश्वरः।
महाह्रदो महागर्तो महाभूतो महानिधिः॥८६॥
Suvarnabindur Akshobhyah Sarvavagishvareshvarah
Mahahrado Mahagarto Mahabhuto Mahanidhih
He is the golden point of spiritual concentration, unshaken and Lord of every master of speech. He is the great lake, profound depth, supreme Being and infinite treasure.
Verse 87
कुमुदः कुन्दरः कुन्दः पर्जन्यः पावनोऽनिलः।
अमृताशोऽमृतवपुः सर्वज्ञः सर्वतोमुखः॥८७॥
Kumudah Kundarah Kundah Parjanyah Pavano’nilah
Amritasho’mritavapuh Sarvajnah Sarvatomukhah
He delights the earth, gives purity and pours grace like a rain-bearing cloud. His form is immortal, He knows everything and faces every direction.
Verse 88
सुलभः सुव्रतः सिद्धः शत्रुजिच्छत्रुतापनः।
न्यग्रोधोदुम्बरोऽश्वत्थश्चाणूरान्ध्रनिषूदनः॥८८॥
Sulabhah Suvratah Siddhah Shatrujich Chhatrutapanah
Nyagrodhodumbaro’shvatthash Chanurandhra-Nishudanah
He is easily reached through sincere devotion, follows perfect vows and is fully accomplished. He conquers enemies, is represented by sacred trees and destroyed the wrestler Chanura.
Verse 89
सहस्रार्चिः सप्तजिह्वः सप्तैधाः सप्तवाहनः।
अमूर्तिरनघोऽचिन्त्यो भयकृद्भयनाशनः॥८९॥
Sahasrarchih Saptajihvah Saptaidhah Saptavahanah
Amurtir Anagho’chintyo Bhayakrid Bhayanashanah
He shines with a thousand rays and is symbolised through the seven flames and vehicles of sacred fire. He is formless, sinless and inconceivable and both creates and removes fear.
Verse 90
अणुर्बृहत्कृशः स्थूलो गुणभृन्निर्गुणो महान्।
अधृतः स्वधृतः स्वास्यः प्राग्वंशो वंशवर्धनः॥९०॥
Anur Brihat Krishah Sthulo Gunabhrit Nirguno Mahan
Adhritah Svadhritah Svasyah Pragvamsho Vamshavardhanah
He is smaller than the smallest and greater than the greatest, subtle and vast. He supports qualities yet transcends them, depends on nothing and sustains every lineage.
Verse 91
भारभृत्कथितो योगी योगीशः सर्वकामदः।
आश्रमः श्रमणः क्षामः सुपर्णो वायुवाहनः॥९१॥
Bharabhrit Kathito Yogi Yogishah Sarvakamadah
Ashramah Shramanah Kshamah Suparno Vayuvahanah
He bears the burden of the universe, is celebrated as the supreme Yogi and Lord of Yoga and fulfils worthy desires. He is the shelter, disciplined ascetic and bearer of Garuda.
Verse 92
धनुर्धरो धनुर्वेदो दण्डो दमयिता दमः।
अपराजितः सर्वसहो नियन्ताऽनियमोऽयमः॥९२॥
Dhanurdharo Dhanurvedo Dando Damayita Damah
Aparajitah Sarvasaho Niyanta’niyamo’yamah
He bears the bow and knows the science of archery. He is discipline, the controller and self-control itself, undefeated, patient with all and beyond every external limitation.
Verse 93
सत्त्ववान्सात्त्विकः सत्यः सत्यधर्मपरायणः।
अभिप्रायः प्रियार्होऽर्हः प्रियकृत्प्रीतिवर्धनः॥९३॥
Sattvavan Sattvikah Satyah Satya-Dharma-Parayanah
Abhiprayah Priyarho’rhah Priyakrit Pritivardhanah
He is filled with purity, is truth itself and is completely devoted to true Dharma. He understands inner intention, is worthy of love and increases devotion and affection.
Verse 94
विहायसगतिर्ज्योतिः सुरुचिर्हुतभुग्विभुः।
रविर्विरोचनः सूर्यः सविता रविलोचनः॥९४॥
Vihayasagatir Jyotih Suruchir Hutabhug Vibhuh
Ravir Virochanah Suryah Savita Ravilochanah
He moves through the heavens as light and divine brilliance and receives sacred offerings. He is the sun, the illuminator, creator of vitality and the One whose eye is the sun.
Verse 95
अनन्तो हुतभुग्भोक्ता सुखदो नैकजोऽग्रजः।
अनिर्विण्णः सदामर्षी लोकाधिष्ठानमद्भुतः॥९५॥
Ananto Hutabhug Bhokta Sukhado Naikajo’grajah
Anirvinnah Sadamarshi Lokadhishthanam Adbhutah
He is infinite, receives sacrificial offerings and gives true happiness. Though appearing in many forms, He is the first cause, never discouraged and the wondrous foundation of all worlds.
Verse 96
सनात्सनातनतमः कपिलः कपिरव्ययः।
स्वस्तिदः स्वस्तिकृत्स्वस्ति स्वस्तिभुक्स्वस्तिदक्षिणः॥९६॥
Sanat Sanatanatamah Kapilah Kapir Avyayah
Svastidah Svastikrit Svasti Svastibhuk Svastidakshinah
He is eternal and more ancient than all, appearing as the sage Kapila and remaining imperishable. He grants, creates, receives and generously distributes auspiciousness and well-being.
Verse 97
अरौद्रः कुण्डली चक्री विक्रम्यूर्जितशासनः।
शब्दातिगः शब्दसहः शिशिरः शर्वरीकरः॥९७॥
Araudrah Kundali Chakri Vikramy Urjitashasanah
Shabdatigah Shabdasahah Shishirah Sharvarikarah
He is compassionate rather than cruel, adorned with earrings and holding the discus. His command is powerful, He transcends sound and brings cooling peace and restful night.
Verse 98
अक्रूरः पेशलो दक्षो दक्षिणः क्षमिणां वरः।
विद्वत्तमो वीतभयः पुण्यश्रवणकीर्तनः॥९८॥
Akrurah Peshalo Daksho Dakshinah Kshaminam Varah
Vidvattamo Vitabhayah Punyashravana-Kirtanah
He is gentle, graceful, skilful and generous and is the greatest among the forgiving. He is supremely wise, free from fear and makes hearing and chanting His names spiritually uplifting.
Verse 99
उत्तारणो दुष्कृतिहा पुण्यो दुःस्वप्ननाशनः।
वीरहा रक्षणः सन्तो जीवनः पर्यवस्थितः॥९९॥
Uttarano Dushkritiha Punyo Duhsvapna-Nashanah
Viraha Rakshanah Santo Jivanah Paryavasthitah
He carries beings across difficulty, destroys wrongdoing and is supremely holy. He removes disturbing dreams, protects devotees and is the peaceful life present everywhere.
Verse 100
अनन्तरूपोऽनन्तश्रीर्जितमन्युर्भयापहः।
चतुरस्रो गभीरात्मा विदिशो व्यादिशो दिशः॥१००॥
Anantarupo’nantashrir Jitamanyur Bhayapahah
Chaturasro Gabhiratma Vidisho Vyadisho Dishah
He has infinite forms and unlimited splendour, has conquered anger and removes fear. His nature is profound and just, and He is every direction and the guide within all directions.
Verse 101
अनादिर्भूर्भुवो लक्ष्मीः सुवीरो रुचिराङ्गदः।
जननो जनजन्मादिर्भीमो भीमपराक्रमः॥१०१॥
Anadir Bhur Bhuvo Lakshmih Suviro Ruchirangadah
Janano Janajanmadir Bhimo Bhima-Parakramah
He is beginningless, the foundation of the worlds and the source of prosperity. He is a mighty hero, beautifully adorned and the origin of every birth, possessing awe-inspiring power.
Verse 102
आधारनिलयोऽधाता पुष्पहासः प्रजागरः।
ऊर्ध्वगः सत्पथाचारः प्राणदः प्रणवः पणः॥१०२॥
Adharanilayo’dhata Pushpahasah Prajagarah
Urdhvagah Satpathacharah Pranadah Pranavah Panah
He is the abode of every support while requiring no support Himself. Creation blossoms through Him, He remains eternally awake and leads beings upward through the righteous path.
Verse 103
प्रमाणं प्राणनिलयः प्राणभृत्प्राणजीवनः।
तत्त्वं तत्त्वविदेकात्मा जन्ममृत्युजरातिगः॥१०३॥
Pramanam Prananilayah Pranabhrit Pranajivanah
Tattvam Tattvavid Ekatma Janma-Mrityu-Jaratigah
He is the ultimate authority, abode and sustainer of life and the life within every breath. He is truth, the knower of truth, the one Self and is beyond birth, death and old age.
Verse 104
भूर्भुवःस्वस्तरुस्तारः सविता प्रपितामहः।
यज्ञो यज्ञपतिर्यज्वा यज्ञाङ्गो यज्ञवाहनः॥१०४॥
Bhur Bhuvah Svas Tarus Tarah Savita Prapitamahah
Yajno Yajnapatir Yajva Yajnango Yajnavahanah
He is the earth, atmosphere and heaven, the tree of existence and the One who carries beings across. He is the creator and grandsire and is the sacrifice, its Lord, performer, limbs and vehicle.
Verse 105
यज्ञभृद्यज्ञकृद्यज्ञी यज्ञभुग्यज्ञसाधनः।
यज्ञान्तकृद्यज्ञगुह्यमन्नमन्नाद एव च॥१०५॥
Yajnabhrit Yajnakrid Yajni Yajnabhug Yajnasadhanah
Yajnantakrid Yajnaguhyam Annam Annada Eva Cha
He sustains, performs, receives and completes every true sacrifice. He is its hidden spiritual meaning and is both the food that nourishes beings and the eater who receives it.
Verse 106
आत्मयोनिः स्वयंजातो वैखानः सामगायनः।
देवकीनन्दनः स्रष्टा क्षितीशः पापनाशनः॥१०६॥
Atmayonih Svayamjato Vaikhanah Samagayanah
Devakinandanah Srashta Kshitishah Papanashanah
He is His own source and is self-born, the One who penetrates the earth and is praised through the Sama Veda. He is Devaki’s son, creator, Lord of the earth and destroyer of sin.
Verse 107
शङ्खभृन्नन्दकी चक्री शार्ङ्गधन्वा गदाधरः।
रथाङ्गपाणिरक्षोभ्यः सर्वप्रहरणायुधः॥१०७॥
Shankhabhrin Nandaki Chakri Sharngadhanva Gadadharah
Rathangapanir Akshobhyah Sarvapraharanayudhah
He bears the conch, Nandaka sword, Sudarshana Chakra, Sharnga bow and mace. He holds the chariot wheel, remains unshaken and possesses every weapon required to protect Dharma.
Closing Protection Verse
वनमाली गदी शार्ङ्गी शङ्खी चक्री च नन्दकी।
श्रीमान्नारायणो विष्णुर्वासुदेवोऽभिरक्षतु॥१०८॥
Vanamali Gadi Sharngi Shankhi Chakri Cha Nandaki
Shriman Narayano Vishnur Vasudevo’bhirakshatu
May the glorious Narayana, Vishnu and Vasudeva, adorned with the forest garland and bearing the mace, bow, conch, discus and sword, protect us.
Om Namo Narayanaya.
Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya.
Spiritual Meaning of Vishnu Sahasranamam
The thousand names describe the Supreme Lord from many perspectives. No single word can completely define the infinite, so the hymn uses numerous names to guide the mind towards different dimensions of divine reality.
Lord Vishnu as the Universe
The first name, Vishvam, identifies the Lord with the entire universe. Divine presence is therefore not limited to one image, temple or physical form.
Lord Vishnu as the Indwelling Self
Names such as Paramatma, Bhutatma and Kshetrajna describe the Lord as the spiritual presence and witness within every living being. This understanding encourages respect, compassion and responsibility towards others.
Lord Vishnu as the Protector of Dharma
Many names describe the Lord as the guardian, guide and restorer of righteousness. Remembering these names should inspire devotees to perform their own duties honestly and compassionately.
Lord Vishnu as the Refuge of Devotees
Names such as Narayana, Sharanam and Bhaktavatsala express the Lord’s role as the final refuge of those who approach Him with devotion and sincerity.
Lord Vishnu as the Supreme Goal
The hymn repeatedly presents the Lord as the highest destination, eternal reality and giver of spiritual liberation. Its deeper purpose is therefore transformation of the mind through remembrance of divine qualities.
Traditional Benefits of Reciting Vishnu Sahasranamam
The benefits connected with Vishnu Sahasranamam arise from scriptural tradition, devotional practice and personal spiritual experience. The hymn should not be treated as a guaranteed replacement for medical treatment, financial planning, legal assistance or other practical support.
- It strengthens devotion towards Lord Vishnu.
- It helps establish a regular habit of prayer and meditation.
- Slow and attentive chanting may help calm and focus the mind.
- It provides spiritual support during fear, grief and uncertainty.
- It encourages reflection on truth, patience, compassion and self-control.
- It connects devotees with the teachings of the Mahabharata.
- Family recitation may support a shared devotional routine.
- Learning the meanings deepens understanding of Vaishnava philosophy.
- It encourages remembrance of God during everyday life.
- It may help devotees respond to difficulties with greater patience and clarity.
Does Vishnu Sahasranamam Fulfil Wishes?
Devotees traditionally recite the hymn while praying for health, peace, courage, family welfare and success in righteous responsibilities. Its deeper teaching, however, is not the automatic fulfilment of every material desire.
The highest benefit is the development of devotion, wisdom, patience, humility and surrender. Prayer should be supported by responsible effort and practical action.
Can Vishnu Sahasranamam Cure Illness?
Prayer may provide emotional strength and spiritual comfort during illness, but it should not replace diagnosis or treatment from qualified healthcare professionals.
How to Chant Vishnu Sahasranamam
No complicated ritual is compulsory for ordinary daily recitation. Cleanliness, sincerity, attention and regular practice are more important than an elaborate setup.
- Bathe or wash your hands, feet and face before prayer when practical.
- Wear clean and comfortable clothes.
- Sit in a peaceful place before an image of Lord Vishnu, Lakshmi Narayana or Shri Krishna.
- Light a lamp if it is safe and convenient.
- Offer Tulsi leaves, flowers or fruit if available.
- Sit quietly for a few moments and settle your breathing.
- Begin with “Om Namo Narayanaya” or “Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya.”
- Read the hymn slowly without rushing through difficult compounds.
- Use a reliable audio recording to improve pronunciation.
- Study a few meanings each day so the practice does not become mechanical.
- Conclude with gratitude and a prayer for the welfare of all beings.
Simple Sankalpa: O Lord Vishnu, I recite Your divine names with faith and humility. Please grant me devotion, wisdom, patience and the strength to follow the path of Dharma.
Is a Lamp or Puja Setup Compulsory?
No. A lamp, flowers, Tulsi and an image of Lord Vishnu may create a devotional environment, but sincere remembrance of the Lord is possible without formal puja materials.
Which Direction Should I Face?
Facing east or north is traditionally considered suitable for prayer. However, direction is less important than sincerity and concentration, especially during travel, illness or practical difficulty.
Best Time to Recite Vishnu Sahasranamam
Vishnu Sahasranamam may be recited on any day and at any suitable time. A quiet time that can be followed regularly is better than choosing an inconvenient schedule and abandoning the practice.
- Early morning after bathing
- During Brahma Muhurta, when practical
- During morning or evening puja
- On Ekadashi and Vaikuntha Ekadashi
- On Thursdays
- During Janmashtami, Rama Navami and Narasimha Jayanti
- Before beginning an important responsibility
- During fear, grief or emotional difficulty
- Before sleeping, in a calm and respectful manner
Must It Be Recited at 4 AM?
No. Early morning is traditionally valued because the surroundings are usually quieter, but waking at a fixed hour is not compulsory. Choose a time suitable for your health, work and family routine.
How Many Times Should It Be Recited?
One attentive recitation is sufficient for regular practice. Reciting mechanically many times is not necessarily more beneficial than one sincere and focused reading.
How Beginners Can Start Vishnu Sahasranamam
Step 1: Listen for 5 to 10 Minutes Daily
Choose a clear and slow audio recording. Follow the Sanskrit or Roman text with your eyes without trying to repeat every word immediately.
Step 2: Learn Two or Three Verses at a Time
Break long Sanskrit compounds into smaller sound groups. Repeat each line several times before moving to the next verse.
Step 3: Chant Along with the Audio
Once the sounds become familiar, begin chanting softly with the recording.
Step 4: Increase the Portion Gradually
Add a few new verses every week while continuing to revise the earlier verses.
Step 5: Study the Meanings
Read the meanings of a few verses or names every day. This transforms memorisation into spiritual study and reflection.
Do not feel guilty if you cannot complete the full hymn every day. Regular and sincere learning is more valuable than hurried recitation.
Is Listening to Vishnu Sahasranamam as Good as Reading It?
Reading and listening are both meaningful devotional practices, but they engage the devotee differently.
Benefits of Reading
- It keeps the mind actively involved.
- It improves familiarity with the Sanskrit words.
- It supports pronunciation and memorisation.
- It makes it easier to study the meanings.
Benefits of Listening
- It helps beginners learn rhythm and pronunciation.
- It is useful during travel or illness.
- It helps elderly people and those with visual difficulties participate.
- It can create a peaceful devotional atmosphere.
A useful method is to listen while following the written text and gradually begin chanting along. Attentive listening is more meaningful than playing the hymn only as background sound while remaining completely distracted.
Vishnu Sahasranamam in English PDF Download
You may use the downloadable PDF for personal reading, daily prayer or offline study. The PDF should ideally include the Sanskrit text, Roman transliteration, verse numbering and simple English meanings.
Frequently Asked Questions About Vishnu Sahasranamam
1. What does Vishnu Sahasranamam mean?
Vishnu Sahasranamam means “the one thousand names of Lord Vishnu.” Each name reveals a quality, form, power or philosophical aspect of the Supreme Lord.
2. Where is Vishnu Sahasranamam found?
It is found in the Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata. Bhishma Pitamah recites it in response to Yudhishthira’s questions about the highest Lord, Dharma and liberation.
3. Who composed Vishnu Sahasranamam?
The hymn forms part of the Mahabharata, traditionally attributed to Maharishi Ved Vyasa. Within the narrative, Bhishma speaks the names to Yudhishthira.
4. Does Vishnu Sahasranamam contain 1,000 or 1,008 names?
The standard Mahabharata hymn is traditionally counted as one thousand names. Separate devotional Namavali lists may sometimes be presented with 1,008 names. They should not be confused with the principal Mahabharata Stotram.
5. Does Vishnu Sahasranamam have 107 or 108 verses?
The one thousand names run from the verse beginning with Vishvam to the verse ending with Sarvapraharanayudhah and are commonly counted as 107 name-bearing verses. Many recitation books add the Vanamali protection prayer as verse 108. Introductory prayers, Dhyana verses and Phalashruti increase the total verse count further.
6. Can I read Vishnu Sahasranamam in English?
Yes. Roman-English transliteration allows people who cannot read Devanagari to chant the original Sanskrit words. A slow audio recording should be used to improve pronunciation.
7. Is English transliteration the same as English translation?
No. Transliteration represents Sanskrit sounds using Roman letters. Translation explains the meaning in English. A transliterated verse remains Sanskrit even though it is written in the Roman alphabet.
8. Why should the Sanskrit text also be included on an English page?
The Sanskrit text helps readers who know Devanagari verify the original verse, while Roman transliteration helps readers who cannot read Sanskrit script. Keeping both versions makes the page more useful without changing its main English-language focus.
9. Can beginners recite Vishnu Sahasranamam?
Yes. Beginners can start by listening to a slow recording, learning a few verses at a time and gradually increasing the portion.
10. Can women recite Vishnu Sahasranamam?
Yes. Women may read, chant or listen to Vishnu Sahasranamam with devotion and respect.
11. Can children chant Vishnu Sahasranamam?
Yes. Children can begin with selected names or a few verses. They should be encouraged gently instead of being forced to complete the full hymn.
12. Can Vishnu Sahasranamam be recited every day?
Yes. It may be included in daily morning or evening prayer. Someone unable to complete the full hymn may recite a portion or listen attentively.
13. Can it be recited at night?
Yes. There is no general restriction against reciting it at night. Many devotees chant or listen before sleeping.
14. Can I recite it without taking a bath?
Bathing and cleanliness are preferred for regular worship. During illness, travel, emergency or practical difficulty, remembrance of the Lord does not need to be postponed.
15. Can I listen instead of chanting?
Yes. Attentive listening is a meaningful devotional practice, especially for beginners, elderly devotees, travellers and people who are unable to read.
16. How long does the complete recitation take?
The main hymn generally takes around 25 to 45 minutes, depending on speed, pronunciation and whether introductory and concluding prayers are included.
17. Is Vishnu Sahasranamam only for Vaishnavas?
No. Although it is central to Vaishnava devotion, people from many Hindu traditions respectfully recite and study it.
18. Is a Tulsi leaf compulsory?
No. Tulsi is sacred and traditionally offered to Lord Vishnu, but its absence does not prevent sincere chanting.
19. Is a mala required?
No. A mala is not required for reading the Stotram. It may be used separately for mantra japa or for counting repetitions of an individual divine name.
20. Can Vishnu Sahasranamam be divided across several days?
Yes. Beginners may read a manageable section each day and complete the full hymn gradually while improving pronunciation and understanding.
21. What should I do if I make a pronunciation mistake?
Correct the word when you notice the error and continue calmly. Sincere learning and steady improvement are more valuable than fear or embarrassment.
22. What is the difference between Vishnu Sahasranamam and Vishnu Ashtottara?
Vishnu Sahasranamam contains one thousand names, while Vishnu Ashtottara Shatanamavali contains 108 names. They are separate devotional texts and ritual formats.
23. Can the hymn be played at home every day?
Yes. It may be played respectfully at home. It is helpful to reserve some time for attentive listening instead of using it only as background audio.
24. Can Vishnu Sahasranamam be recited on Ekadashi?
Yes. Ekadashi is especially associated with Lord Vishnu, and Vishnu Sahasranamam may be recited as part of Ekadashi prayer. It can also be recited on any other day.
25. What is the main message of Vishnu Sahasranamam?
The hymn teaches that the Supreme Lord is infinite, all-pervading and present within the universe and every living being. Remembering His names should inspire devotion, humility, compassion, righteous action and spiritual understanding.
Scriptural Sources and Editorial Process
The principal scriptural source of Shri Vishnu Sahasranamam is the Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata, traditionally attributed to Maharishi Ved Vyasa. In this section, Yudhishthira asks Bhishma Pitamah about the Supreme Lord, the highest Dharma and the means of freedom from worldly bondage. Bhishma responds by reciting the one thousand names of Lord Vishnu.
In commonly circulated editions, this passage is associated with Chapter 149 of the Anushasana Parva. Chapter and verse numbering may differ between regional publications, manuscripts and critical editions.
How This Page Was Prepared
The VishnuSahasranamam.org Editorial Team prepared this page by comparing the Sanskrit verse order, Devanagari spelling, division of divine names and commonly used Roman transliterations found in established editions of Vishnu Sahasranamam.
The English explanations are concise devotional summaries intended for general readers. Sanskrit names may carry several grammatical, philosophical and traditional interpretations. Readers seeking deeper study should consult recognised commentaries, including the Vishnu Sahasranama Bhashya traditionally associated with Adi Shankaracharya and the Bhagavad Guna Darpana of Shri Parashara Bhattar.
- Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Vishnu Sahasranamam section
- Traditional Vishnu Sahasranamam Sanskrit recitation text
- Vishnu Sahasranama Bhashya associated with Adi Shankaracharya
- Bhagavad Guna Darpana by Shri Parashara Bhattar
If you notice a possible error in a verse, vowel mark, transliteration or meaning, please inform us through our Contact page.
Conclusion
Vishnu Sahasranamam is not merely a collection of one thousand names. It is a complete devotional meditation on the infinite qualities, powers and forms of Lord Vishnu.
The Sanskrit text preserves the original sacred verses, Roman transliteration makes the hymn accessible to readers who cannot read Devanagari and the English meanings help devotees reflect on the spiritual message behind the names.
Beginners may start slowly with audio support, learn a few verses at a time and gradually study their meanings. The purpose is not speed or mechanical repetition, but sincere remembrance of the Lord and the cultivation of devotion, patience, wisdom and righteous conduct.
Om Namo Narayanaya.
Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya.
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